• Pathogen infected macrophages release exosomes associating w

  2024-11-25

  

  Pathogen-infected PR-619 release exosomes associating with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as LPS and lipoprotein derived from microorganisms [29,30]. Exosomes released by bacterially infected, but not uninfected, macrophages stimulate macrophages to release inflammatory mediato

• In conclusion our study would

  2024-11-25

  

  In conclusion, our study would seem to indicate that a hydrophilic microenvironment, which is suitable to accommodate highly hydrophilic molecules with steric hindrance such as aldose hemiacetals, allows the enzyme modulation by one of its most important physiopathological substrates. It is difficul

• br Occurrence of Inosine in RNA Inosine is widespread

  2024-11-25

  

  Occurrence of Inosine in RNA Inosine is widespread among various types of RNAs including transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Within these RNAs, inosine can appear in different locations as well. Table 1 lists examples

• The present study has several

  2024-11-23

  

  The present study has several limitations. First, the results were obtained using RAW264.7 cells, which are derived from BALB/c mice infected with the Abelson leukemia virus (Raschke et al., 1978). However, these cells, which are a commonly used mouse macrophage cell line, show properties similar to

• br Acknowledgment br Introduction The yeast Cdc ATPase

  2024-11-23

  

  Acknowledgment Introduction The yeast Cdc48 ATPase and its metazoan ortholog p97 (or VCP) are critical components of many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that require the segregation of individual proteins from binding partners or membranes (for review, see Buchberger, 2013, Meyer and We

• There is a delicate balance

  2024-11-23

  

  There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the glycosylase include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38]. SOD

• Enhancers are short regions of DNA that are bound by

  2024-11-23

  

  Enhancers are short regions of DNA that are bound by DNA-binding proteins (TFs) to increase the likelihood of a particular gene to be expressed. Importantly, enhancers can be identified, and classified, by their patterns of chromatin accessibility and of enrichment in certain histone modifications.

• IOX2 Many naphthoquinone derivatives have been previously ob

  2024-11-23

  

  Many naphthoquinone derivatives have been previously obtained from fungi in the genus Fusarium isolated from various sources, F. oxysporum from the root of citrus (Nagia and El-Mohamedy, 2007), Fusarium sp. (No. b77) from the mangrove plant (Shao et al., 2010), F. solani and F. oxysporum from fibrou

• The studies have described that Candida non

  2024-11-23

  

  The studies have described that Candida non-albicans are considered as remarkable pathogenic agents of OPC, and among them, C. tropicalis and C. glabrata are known as major strains that may replace C. albicans as the greatest causing agent of this infection [20], [21]. It has been shown that Candida

• br Experimental and computation Standard samples of artemisi

  2024-11-23

  

  Experimental and computation Standard samples of artemisinin (1) and artemether (2) were purchased from China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control. Their ECD spectra, at a concentration of 1.0–5.0mg/mL in ethanol, were recorded in a quartz cuvette of 1mm optical path length using a Jasco

• The initial demonstration of the potential of MALDI TOF

  2024-11-23

  

  The initial demonstration of the potential of MALDI-TOF MS for testing antifungal susceptibility of pathogenic fungi came from a proof-of-concept study by Marinach et al. [31] who monitored the changes of the proteome of C. albicans ITE australia exposed to different concentrations of fluconazole. U

• br Future view and implications The

  2024-11-23

  

  Future view and implications The selection and spread of multi(drug)-resistant microorganisms over the last decades has become a major and global public health concern [35]. Two growing threats originating from the fungal kingdom, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris[36], [37], re-emphasi

• Since at least prospective cohort studies

  2024-11-23

  

  Since 2005, at least 14 prospective cohort studies have been conducted to clarify inconsistencies in the field, ten of which suggested a direct correlation between antibiotic use and atopy or wheezing later in life [51–60], three found no association [61–63], and one found positive association only

• Furthermore a recently published network meta analysis inclu

  2024-11-23

  

  Furthermore, a recently published network meta-analysis including 30 trials in patients with hypertension and diabetes demonstrated that ARBs have efficacy similar to that of ACEIs for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.30 and HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.78, respectively

• br Acknowledgments The authors thank

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  Acknowledgments The authors thank Claudia Wittrock for her excellent technical assistance. The work was supported by grants of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB974 TP B05) and of the Anton-Betz-Stiftung to N.K. A.M. is an associate member of the iBrain graduate school at the University of

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