• br Experimental section br Introduction Fasting hyperglycaem

  2022-09-16

  

  Experimental section Introduction Fasting hyperglycaemia in all forms of diabetes mellitus occurs primarily as a result of upsurge in hepatic glucose synthesis (HGS) [1], [2]. Two specific enzymes, glucokinase (GK) and glucose-6 phosphatase (Glu-6-Pase) play crucial role in hepatic glucose pro

• Many studies support that Gli transcription factors are not

  2022-09-16

  

  Many studies support that Gli transcription factors are not solely regulated by Hh/smo signaling but are also influenced by crosstalk with other pathways, such as RAS, PI3K/AKT, transforming growth factor-b/SMAD, PKC, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways which are downstream and indepen

• Insulin de sensitization has been

  2022-09-16

  

  Insulin de-sensitization has been observed in the brains of people with AD [51], [52], [53] and we previously demonstrated that the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide was able to reverse this [54]. Importantly, GW9662 insulin de-sensitization correlates well with cognitive decline [15], [55] and with tau p

• br Ghrelin actions in the central nervous system br Ghrelin

  2022-09-16

  

  Ghrelin actions in the central nervous system Ghrelin induces thymopoeisis GHS-R1a is expressed in immune cells, including thymocytes and T-cells [13]. Infusion of ghrelin increases the number of thymocytes and thymus size in 14-, 20-, and 24-month-old mice, and with decreased thymic adiposity

• br Declaration of competing interests br

  2022-09-15

  

  Declaration of competing interests Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20171261), the project of outstanding scientific and technological innovation group of Jiangsu Province, the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar

• br FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR GPR br G PROTEIN

  2022-09-15

  

  FREE FATTY ACID RECEPTOR 1 (GPR40) G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTOR 120 CONCLUSION Free fatty kx2 receptors whose natural ligands are identified as FFAs having various lengths have been reported. They act as novel nutrient sensing receptors independent of PPARs and FABPs, and they are known to m

• This study introduces a mouse model carrying

  2022-09-15

  

  This study introduces a mouse model carrying the point mutation R258W in Ffar1, which abolishes the stimulation of insulin secretion in response to long chain fatty acids. The minimal genetic alteration mirrors the human situation and has the advantage over conventional knockout/congenic mouse model

• In recent years it was discovered in animals that

  2022-09-15

  

  In recent years, it was discovered in animals that certain types of non-apoptotic cell death are strictly dependent on iron and ROS. The term ‘ferroptosis’, derived from the Greek word ‘ptosis’ (falling) and the Latin word ‘ferrum’ (iron), is coined to describe such cell death phenomena. Cytoplasmic

• Glucose metabolic pathways are well defined but the

  2022-09-15

  

  Glucose metabolic pathways are well defined but the subcellular organization of these pathways is poorly understood in liver and kidney. Several factors affect the net flux of gluconeogenesis and allow the Riociguat sale to respond to physiological changes [1]. Ovadi and Srere have suggested that a

• FBPase deficiency is a very rare inborn error of fructose

  2022-09-15

  

  FBPase deficiency is a very rare inborn error of fructose teniposide of autosomal recessive inheritance. This disorder usually occurs in the first year of life through ketotic hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis triggered by catabolic episodes such as prolonged fasting or febrile infections (Steinmann

• A large body of evidence supports a contribution of

  2022-09-15

  

  A large body of evidence supports a contribution of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior (Gorzalka and Hill, 2011, Hill and Patel, 2013, Morena et al., 2016). General findings from this work indicate that eCB anandamide signaling is critical for bufferi

• Antigen presentation of incoming viral particles has been we

  2022-09-15

  

  Antigen presentation of incoming viral particles has been well studied for diverse viruses in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), mostly in dendritic cells and macrophages in the context of the exogenous antigens’ pathway to prime the CD8+ T cells. However, CD4+ T cells are not known as efficient APCs,

• dapivirine br Significance Cellular heterogeneity for

  2022-09-15

  

  Significance Cellular heterogeneity for phenotypic features is a key mechanism underlying disease progression and therapeutic resistance, yet its regulation is poorly understood at the molecular level. Our findings demonstrate that endocrine resistance is associated with higher transcriptomic het

• The effect of microtubule inhibitors on HBV

  2022-09-14

  

  The effect of microtubule inhibitors on HBV infection and replication were reported previously. In the study by Dr. Ai-Long Huang's group, microtubule inhibitors promoted HBV replication in Hep2.2.15 and HepG2-HBV1.1, in which HBV DNA is integrated into the chromosomal DNA (Xu et al., 2015). Integra

• Prolonged sGC oxidative inhibition occurs in

  2022-09-13

  

  Prolonged sGC oxidative inhibition occurs in many diseases [46,[86], [87], [88]]. Keeping sGC membrane-bound and functional under conditions of high oxidative stress requires a mechanism for restoring oxidized sGC (Fe3+) heme iron to its reduced (Fe2+) state. Without this redox regulation, the sGC

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