• Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular lev

  2024-03-08

  

  Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases the intracellular levels of cAMP to restore spontaneous contraction (Essayan, 2001, Qi and Kwan, 1996), acting downstream of adenylyl cyclase. Therefore, cardiac arrest induced by decreased intracellular cAMP levels could be reversed by phosphodiesterase inhibi

• br AMPK structure and mechanism of action AMPK is

  2024-03-08

  

  AMPK: structure and mechanism of action AMPK is a metabolic master switch that regulates downstream signals based on shifts in the surrounding energy reservoir [6]. It is expressed in a number of tissues, including the kidney, the liver, the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, and the hypothalam

• br COX and LOX in

  2024-03-08

  

  COX and 5-LOX in post-mortem AD brain Minghetti (2004) reviewed the findings on COX-2 mRNA levels in AD brains, pointing out that the available evidence demonstrated either decreased or increased levels, possibly because of the short half-life of COX-2 transcripts or individual variability. Histo

• br Conclusion In this brief Letter

  2024-03-08

  

  Conclusion In this brief Letter, we report an easy method for the preparation of the antileukemic natural product 1. Using a biomimetic strategy,1, 8 in which the aromatic residues are attached to a lysine moiety prior to the reduction of the central carboxylate group, a step-economical synthesis

• The relatively high concentration of HT used in this study

  2024-03-08

  

  The relatively high concentration of 5-HT used in this study (100 µM) is consistent with the concentrations used in other published ex vivo studies (Ropert and Guy, 1991, Passani et al., 1994, Shen and Andrade, 1998). In our paradigm 5-HT was focally applied at the surface of the slice via a fast pe

• Axl which belongs to the Tyro Axl Mer TAM family

  2024-03-08

  

  Axl, which belongs to the Tyro-Axl-Mer (TAM) family of RTKs, has been reported to regulate a variety of physiological processes including cell survival, proliferation, migration and adhesion, through the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (

• Nowadays more than kinases have been identified

  2024-03-08

  

  Nowadays, more than 500 kinases have been identified of human genome [2]. Imatinib (Gleevec) was the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia [3], and kinases have become an attractive target for the developme

• The main function of ATR CHK signaling is

  2024-03-08

  

  The main function of ATR/CHK1 signaling is activating Crotaline checkpoint arrest for S and G2 phases in mammalian cells. There are three checkpoints in response to DNA damage: G1/S, G2/M, and S-phase. The G2/M checkpoint can prevent cells that incur DNA damage in G2 phase or progress into G2 phase

• Functional implications notwithstanding the intermolecular c

  2024-03-08

  

  Functional implications notwithstanding, the intermolecular contact appears to shield the Y361 side chain (Fig. 3) from being accessible for regulation by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation as has been proposed [18,19]. It is, therefore, likely that Src kinase and PTP1B phosphatase bind to an AROM mo

• Patients with cardiovascular disorders typically

  2024-03-08

  

  Patients with cardiovascular disorders typically have lower plasma apelin levels than matched healthy controls. For example, plasma apelin levels are reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and among CAD patients with unstable angina or acute myocardial infraction there is a further

• The physiologic conditions and signaling

  2024-03-08

  

  The physiologic conditions and signaling mechanisms that regulate apelin secretion and APLNR expression in malignant tissues appear to be multifactorial. Previous studies have shown that hyperplastic and neoplastic cholangiocytes secrete a variety of hormones, peptides, and growth factors that help

• br Future view and implications The

  2024-03-07

  

  Future view and implications The selection and spread of multi(drug)-resistant microorganisms over the last decades has become a major and global public health concern [35]. Two growing threats originating from the fungal kingdom, i.e. Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris[36], [37], re-emphasi

• br Results br Discussion Here we uncovered a role

  2024-03-07

  

  Results Discussion Here, we uncovered a role for Wnt-Fz7 signaling in LTP-dependent spine plasticity and synaptic localization of AMPARs. We demonstrated that LTP induction increased Wnt7a/b protein at Neuropeptide Y 13-36 (porcine) and spines. Direct blockade of endogenous Wnts impaired LTP-

• This development notwithstanding the chemotherapeutic treatm

  2024-03-07

  

  This development notwithstanding, the chemotherapeutic treatment for leukemia has stagnated over the last 40 years [35]. Main treatment options necessitate aggressive chemotherapy to target leukemic cells [36], [37], [38], [39]. Several limitations of current treatment options include the use of ant

• Table reports the results for the categorical coding of diag

  2024-03-07

  

  Table 3 reports the results for the categorical coding of diagnosis. The categorical coding is less hypothesis driven than the continuous coding because it allows for nonlinear interactions that are driven by only two groups (CN → MCI stable, CN → MCI progressor, and CN → AD). That said, this analys

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